step one.dos Semantic Affairs
Immediately after senses is known (and you will and in case they may be identified that have a reasonable amount of confidence), the sort of dating one is present between them has to be based. The preferred category out-of semantic relationships is provided about lifestyle out-of historic semantics, that’s, the fresh code accustomed determine synchronic relationships ranging from term significance are simply the same as the fresh new code used to describe diachronic changes of meaning. About greatest instance, when the experience good try synchronically related to sense b by the metonymy, then something off metonymy have acted diachronically to increase feel a towards feel b: diachronic mechanisms from semasiological transform reappear synchronically since semantic affairs certainly one of term definitions.
New desktop as well as the held points, and/or mouse plus the pointer, has actually a romance regarding genuine-industry connectedness that is usually captured by concept of ‘contiguity
The brand new five earliest items was specialty, generalization, metaphor, and you may metonymy (revealed right here, away from an effective diachronic perspective, due to the fact mechanisms jak použÃvat matchocean as opposed to synchronic interactions). In the example of semantic specialization, the meaning was a constraint of old definition: the fresh new meaning try a subcase of the old. Traditional samples of specialty is corn (in the first place a pay-title for everybody kinds of grains, today specialized so you can ‘wheat’ inside England, to help you ‘oats’ into the Scotland, and ‘maize’ in the united states), starve (moving away from ‘to die’ in order to ‘in order to pass away of hunger’), and queen (originally ‘wife, woman,’ now restricted to ‘king’s partner, or female sovereign’). Examples of generalization was moonlight (mainly the new earth’s satellite, however, extended to virtually any earth’s satellite), and French arriver (which in the first place required ‘to-arrive new river’s coastline, in order to embank,’ however, which now signifies ‘to-arrive good destination’ as a whole). Continue reading “In the case of semantic generalization, the opposite holds: the old meaning is actually an effective subcase of your own this new”