Semantics is a department off linguistics hence studies about meaning when you look at the code. Soon, semantics inquiries the research of meaning. Discover family certainly one of a keyword therefore the other terms in the semantics. It’s entitled meaning family. Fundamentally, the chief away from definition relatives include five biggest industries, such as synonymy, antonymy, polisemy, and you will hyponymy. Synonymy inquiries the fresh sameness regarding definition, when you find yourself antonymy concerns the newest oppositeness off definition. The main focus we have found towards antonymy which includes a sense of loved ones, including synonymy. Experience ‘s the concept of term, particularly the conceptual meaning in which it’s always produced from definition of the new lexical goods that are in dictionaries.
In such a case, there isn’t any like pure demands and then make a standard regarding one thing to state as to what levels they should be placed
Antonymy was oppositeness off meaning ranging from a phrase as well as the almost every other term otherwise certainly one of conditions in the same part of speech, particularly a good-bad (adjective-adjective) and you can punctual-more sluggish (adverb-adverb). Based on Lyons () who claims one antonymy talks about the newest loved ones between lexical circumstances whose definitions stand-in opposition to one another and is also have a tendency to defined as the alternative regarding synonymy. There have been two issues that is discuss here ; three categories of antonymy and you will problem within the recognize the sort of antonymy.
- Gradable Antonymy
You can find around three attributes out-of gradable antonymy
This type means a thing that would be counted and you will in contrast to another thing. As an instance, when the a truck can run 260 kilometer/time in addition to other you can work on 200 kilometres/time, the first truck is quick together with most other you’re slow. This form ‘s the commonest variety of antonymy. Gradable antonymy deals with the amount of terms, it means that there’s one thing/anything anywhere between. As an instance, the main one can tell now isn’t gorgeous, it could suggest now is not cool. There’s measure or room occur ranging from gorgeous and you can cold, it’s enjoying. The other types of gradable antonymy receive lower than :
To begin with, since the term ways, he’s gradable. Brand new people in moobs differ when it comes to training. It’s about the rationale over. In the event that some thing is not An effective, then it is not only B, it could be C or D or E otherwise etcetera. It could just be “so-so” or “average”. To make them feel super, they truly are modified because of the “very”. Things may be very hot or very cold xpress eÅŸleÅŸme olmuyor. And might have relative and you will superlative degree. Sometimes the advanced stages is lexicalized. They are shown by the independent terms and conditions in the place of by the addition of modifiers. Instance, the definition of towards size which is none larger nor short is average. And you can between the two extremes out-of heat hot and you may cool, you can find warm and cool, and that form a couple of antonyms by themselves, and could provides a deeper intermediate identity warm.
Second, that it antonymy are rated against some other norms. There’s no absolute expectations in which we may state anything try damp otherwise inactive, enough time otherwise quick, small or big. The fresh standard may vary towards target described. A big ant is much smaller than a tiny flat. A microwave was icon because of the level of microorganism.
The 3rd, that often one is noted therefore the almost every other unmarked regarding gradable antonymy. The fresh unmarked member is more neutral versus noted one and you will it’s utilized in inquiries out-of studies. Such, i ask “How old have you been?” instead of” Exactly how more youthful are you currently? “; “How long will it be?” unlike “Just how quick is it’?” Therefore old and a lot of time are the unmarked people in dated/more youthful and you can enough time/quick. Of antonymous partners gorgeous/cold, sexy is une fashion, large was unmarked and you can brief noted; significant is actually unmarked and you can small unmarked.